Capacity strengthening of SGCs to measure economic sub-sector innovation performance in SSA

The report on ‘Capacity Strengthening of SGCs’ is focused on how the contribution of innovation in Africa to economic growth can be understood and measured, as well as its impact across multiple sectors.

Importance of innovation and research in Africa

Innovation and research are regarded as vital to solving imminent problems faced by nations and regions, including issues related to food security and health. Moreover, economic growth is also driven by them.

Challenges with data

Research is often not included in national statistics, which makes it hard for governments to understand the economic benefits. Therefore, this impacts the decisions made to fund innovation. Science Granting Councils (SGCs) also need this data to inform policy.

Importance of robust data collection

The importance of collecting data about economic activity from all establishments regardless of size is highlighted in the report. Furthermore, because each country has a unique economic structure, efforts to support innovation in Africa should be adapted accordingly.

Findings from the report

Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Experimental Development (GERD) is analysed in the report. It looks at data submitted by 23 African countries, with a special focus on 11 SGC countries. The analysis shows for instance:

• Most investment in research and experimental development (R&D) happens in universities
• The government funds most of the R&D in countries like Ethiopia and Uganda
• Many countries rely on international donors for R&D funding
• While R&D is categorized as either basic research, applied research or experimental development, most countries focus on applied research
• South Africa has an advanced data system to track R&D spending aligned with national goals
• Most countries invest less than 1% of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in R&D, which is below the African Union’s target
• There is a need for better quality sector-specific data
• Funding for R&D differs between coastal and landlocked countries
• The private sector contributes little to R&D spending

Recommendations for SGCs

Based on the findings of the report, SGCs should design country-specific programmes that focus on national needs to ensure better results from R&D spend. For instance, it highlights the importance of reliable indicators to track the impact of innovation in Africa. Using good quality data, SGCs should be able to influence policy and advocate for investment.