Discussion paper: Towards effective public-private partnerships in research and innovation- a perspective for African research granting councils

This discussion paper explores how public-private partnerships (PPPs) can strengthen research and innovation (R&I) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Specifically, it focuses on the role of Science Granting Councils (SGCs), which fund and manage research efforts in various African countries.

Overview

PPPs in R&I involve collaboration between governments, private companies, and research institutions. These partnerships aim to solve real-world problems by combining public funding with private expertise. Currently, in SSA, most countries have low R&D investment, averaging around 0.5% of their GDP.

SGCs play a central role in funding research, building capacity, and linking public and private actors. African countries have diverse SGC structures depending on their history and institutional setup. Many PPPs in Africa are focused on agriculture and health, areas of high social and economic need.

Key points on public-private partnerships from the paper

Challenges of PPPs include weak infrastructure, limited private sector involvement, and fragmented collaboration. There’s a need for better alignment between universities and industry priorities. Many African universities need stronger ties with industry and better performance in global rankings.

Trust and long-term commitment are essential for successful partnerships. Strong legal frameworks help manage issues like intellectual property rights and revenue sharing. Innovation systems should include policies, institutions, and people working together. Furthermore, proximity between research institutions and businesses helps with collaboration.

Case studies from Europe, India, and the US show the importance of formal contracts, shared goals, and flexible governance. The COMET (Austria) and Research Campus (Germany) models highlight how PPPs can thrive with government support. However, African contexts require tailored PPP models, not direct copies from developed nations.

Innovation should be viewed as a cycle, instead of a linear process, feedback and learning are key. Good PPPs have clear roles, shared risks, and joint monitoring systems. Training and capacity building are essential to improve institutional effectiveness. Sustainable partnerships should focus on long-term development, not just short-term projects.

Local knowledge plays a big role in African innovation but is underrecognized. There’s a push to move beyond donor-driven projects towards locally owned initiatives. SGCs can act as intermediaries, connecting diverse stakeholders and managing joint funding.

Summary

The paper finds that public-private partnerships can help African countries strengthen their research and innovation systems, but several challenges stand in the way. Science Granting Councils are well-positioned to lead these efforts, but need supportive policies, clear legal frameworks, and active engagement with both public and private sectors.