{"id":21418,"date":"2024-07-26T14:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T13:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgciafrica.org\/une-centrale-au-biogaz-pour-lutter-contre-la-pauvrete-energetique-au-malawi\/"},"modified":"2026-02-12T13:31:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T13:31:59","slug":"une-centrale-au-biogaz-pour-lutter-contre-la-pauvrete-energetique-au-malawi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sgciafrica.org\/fr\/une-centrale-au-biogaz-pour-lutter-contre-la-pauvrete-energetique-au-malawi\/","title":{"rendered":"Une centrale au biogaz pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique au Malawi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

[BLANTYRE, MALAWI] Une usine de biogaz au Malawi a transform\u00e9 la vie des m\u00e8res, des filles et des enfants des communaut\u00e9s locales en r\u00e9duisant la d\u00e9pendance au bois de chauffage et en leur fournissant une \u00e9nergie propre et durable, affirment ses promoteurs.<\/p>\n\n

Seuls 10 % de la population malawienne ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, tandis que la majorit\u00e9 de la population d\u00e9pend de la biomasse sous forme de charbon de bois et de bois de chauffage, ce qui a de graves r\u00e9percussions sur l’environnement, la sant\u00e9 et la d\u00e9forestation.<\/p>\n\n

Des chercheurs de la Ndata School of Climate and Earth Sciences<\/a> de la Malawi University of Science and Technology (MUST)<\/a> ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de s’attaquer \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me en construisant une installation qui convertirait les d\u00e9chets en biogaz.<\/p>\n\n

Ils ont mis en place la centrale de biogaz de Tsangano en novembre 2020 pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance dans les communaut\u00e9s environnantes.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les m\u00e8res, les filles et les enfants de la communaut\u00e9 vivant autour du march\u00e9 ont plus de temps pour travailler et \u00e9tudier puisqu’ils n’ont pas \u00e0 passer plus de temps \u00e0 chercher du bois de chauffage\u00a0\u00bb, explique Mapereka Chagunda, ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences en \u00e9nergies renouvelables et durables \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 MUST.<\/p>\n\n

La centrale de biogaz, financ\u00e9e par la Science Granting Councils Initiative<\/a> en partenariat avec la Commission nationale pour la science et la technologie du Malawi<\/a>, transforme les d\u00e9chets organiques en biogaz, qui est vendu \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9 et aux entreprises.<\/p>\n\n

L’usine de biogaz se compose de deux digesteurs, chacun produisant 14 sacs \u00e0 dos, utilis\u00e9s pour stocker et transporter 1m3 de gaz. Selon M. Chagunda, un digesteur peut accueillir 160 personnes pendant trois jours. <\/p>\n\n

Selon M. Changuda, la plante contribue \u00e9galement \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer la d\u00e9gradation des sols en produisant un biofertilisant comme sous-produit, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour conditionner les sols, rempla\u00e7ant ainsi les engrais chimiques.<\/p>\n\n

\"Deux
Deux digesteurs pr\u00e9fabriqu\u00e9s de biogaz install\u00e9s par les chercheurs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le biofertilisant est vendu \u00e0 de petits agriculteurs qui cultivent des l\u00e9gumes qu’ils vendent aux communaut\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute M. Chagunda.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cela a permis d’am\u00e9liorer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la nutrition dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n

Diverses mati\u00e8res organiques telles que les fientes de volailles, le fumier de bovins, les d\u00e9chets de cuisine, les d\u00e9chets nocturnes et les d\u00e9chets agricoles sont utilis\u00e9s pour produire du biogaz.<\/p>\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me de collecte des d\u00e9chets permet d’am\u00e9liorer l’assainissement dans les march\u00e9s et \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de ceux-ci, qui sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement envahis par des tas de d\u00e9chets, explique M. Changuda. Selon lui, la gestion efficace des d\u00e9chets r\u00e9duit le risque de maladies transmises par l’eau, comme le chol\u00e9ra, et de maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pollution int\u00e9rieure. <\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le gaz est moins cher que les autres types de gaz… et le march\u00e9 est propre, gr\u00e2ce aux d\u00e9chets collect\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, explique M. Chagunda.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il y a \u00e9galement un puits qui alimente l’usine de biogaz en eau et le march\u00e9 en eau propre.<\/p>\n\n

Le biogaz est vendu aux membres de la communaut\u00e9 et aux entreprises sur le march\u00e9, tandis qu’ils travaillent \u00e0 la purification et \u00e0 la mise en bouteille du gaz, ajoute-t-il. Il est compos\u00e9 de m\u00e9thane, de carbone, de quelques traces d’hydrog\u00e8ne et de sulfure, et d’humidit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n

Le processus de transformation des d\u00e9chets organiques en gaz est appel\u00e9 digestion ana\u00e9robie. Il s’agit de la d\u00e9composition de mati\u00e8res organiques en l’absence d’oxyg\u00e8ne, qui a lieu dans un r\u00e9acteur, explique M. Chagunda. <\/p>\n\n

Dave Kandodo, technicien chez EcoGen<\/a>, une entreprise malawienne qui produit des biodigesteurs domestiques \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt, affirme que la technologie du biogaz pourrait \u00eatre une solution pour le Malawi, car le pays a un acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. \u00ab Le syst\u00e8me de biogaz pr\u00e9sente plusieurs avantages, notamment celui d’\u00eatre une source d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable, de g\u00e9rer les d\u00e9chets organiques et de promouvoir l’ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique \u00bb, d\u00e9clare Kandodo.<\/p>\n\n

Article r\u00e9dig\u00e9 par : Charles Pensulo<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[BLANTYRE, MALAWI] Une usine de biogaz au Malawi a transform\u00e9 la vie des m\u00e8res, des filles et des enfants des communaut\u00e9s locales en r\u00e9duisant la d\u00e9pendance au bois de chauffage et en leur fournissant une \u00e9nergie propre et durable, affirment ses promoteurs. Seuls 10 % de la population malawienne ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, tandis que…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":21379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_country":0,"wds_primary_objective":0,"wds_primary_sg_theme":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[],"country":[166],"objective":[],"sg_theme":[],"class_list":["post-21418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","country-malawi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUne centrale au biogaz pour lutter contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique au Malawi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Une centrale de biogaz au Malawi lutte contre la pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique en fournissant une \u00e9nergie propre et abordable et en soutenant le d\u00e9veloppement 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