{"id":21118,"date":"2024-07-02T10:41:46","date_gmt":"2024-07-02T09:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sgciafrica.org\/louganda-comble-le-deficit-de-ble-avec-une-culture-resistante-a-la-chaleur\/"},"modified":"2026-02-12T13:28:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T13:28:09","slug":"louganda-comble-le-deficit-de-ble-avec-une-culture-resistante-a-la-chaleur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sgciafrica.org\/fr\/louganda-comble-le-deficit-de-ble-avec-une-culture-resistante-a-la-chaleur\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Ouganda comble le d\u00e9ficit de bl\u00e9 avec une culture r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 la chaleur"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Selon des chercheurs en agriculture, de nouvelles vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de bl\u00e9 r\u00e9sistantes au climat et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es en Ouganda permettront de r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des exportations \u00e9trang\u00e8res et de soutenir la production alimentaire locale.<\/p>\n\n

Dans toute l’Afrique subsaharienne, la demande de bl\u00e9 augmente, mais la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures compromet de plus en plus les rendements.<\/p>\n\n

L’Organisation nationale de recherche agricole de l’Ouganda (NARO) promeut et distribue deux nouvelles vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de semences, r\u00e9sistantes aux maladies de la rouille du bl\u00e9 ainsi qu’au stress d\u00fb \u00e0 la chaleur et \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, dans les exploitations agricoles du pays.<\/p>\n\n

Bosco Chemayek, chef de l’\u00e9quipe de recherche et responsable de la s\u00e9lection du bl\u00e9 et de l’orge au NARO, explique que les semences peuvent pousser dans des zones auparavant inadapt\u00e9es, ce qui les rend id\u00e9ales pour l’agro\u00e9cologie diversifi\u00e9e de l’Ouganda.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le pays a le potentiel de produire plus de 60 % des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales de bl\u00e9 si la zone de production peut \u00eatre \u00e9tendue aux environnements de moyenne et basse altitude gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’utilisation de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s tol\u00e9rantes \u00e0 la chaleur\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Chemayek.<\/p>\n\n

Selon la NARO, la demande de bl\u00e9 de l’Ouganda s’\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 650 000 tonnes m\u00e9triques par an, alors que la production actuelle n’est que de 25 000 tonnes m\u00e9triques.<\/p>\n\n

L\u2019\u00e9volution des go\u00fbts et des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences de la population a entra\u00een\u00e9 une forte hausse de la demande de bl\u00e9 et de produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s, ainsi qu\u2019une augmentation de la d\u00e9pendance du pays vis-\u00e0-vis des importations de bl\u00e9, \u00e9valu\u00e9es \u00e0 450 millions $ US<\/a>.Pour combler cette lacune, l\u2019\u00e9quipe de recherche de la NARO a entrepris en 2021 une mission visant \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de bl\u00e9 capables de prosp\u00e9rer dans le climat diversifi\u00e9 de l\u2019Ouganda.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’introduction du bl\u00e9 dans des zones non traditionnelles, telles que les environnements de moyenne et basse altitude, est la meilleure solution pour r\u00e9duire les importations massives\u00a0\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 M. Chemayek.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Toutefois, ces r\u00e9gions sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des stress li\u00e9s \u00e0 la chaleur et \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, des maladies li\u00e9es \u00e0 la rouille du bl\u00e9 (rouille de la tige, rouille de la feuille et rouille jaune) et un manque de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 ces environnements.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"
Les chercheurs de bl\u00e9 sur le terrain en Ouganda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

Ce projet de recherche de 18 mois a \u00e9t\u00e9 financ\u00e9 par l\u2019Initiative des conseils de subvention de la recherche scientifique (SGCI), une initiative qui renforce les agences publiques de financement scientifique en Afrique subsaharienne afin de soutenir la recherche et les politiques fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement et la diffusion de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de bl\u00e9 largement adapt\u00e9es et pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9es par l’industrie pour une agro-industrie diversifi\u00e9e et pour renforcer l’acc\u00e8s et l’utilisation de semences de bl\u00e9 de qualit\u00e9 en Ouganda\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Chemayek, ajoutant que le succ\u00e8s du projet t\u00e9moigne de la puissance de la collaboration entre les chercheurs, les agriculteurs et les d\u00e9cideurs politiques.<\/p>\n\n

M. Chemayek a indiqu\u00e9 que la SGCI avait soutenu les essais de performance d’adaptation sur plusieurs sites et le groupage des semences avant la diss\u00e9mination des lign\u00e9es candidates. Le groupage de semences consiste \u00e0 collecter des semences prometteuses et \u00e0 les cultiver dans un environnement contr\u00f4l\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

La mise au point des semences a n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 le croisement de lign\u00e9es prometteuses provenant du Centre international de recherche agricole dans les zones s\u00e8ches et du Centre international d’am\u00e9lioration du ma\u00efs et du bl\u00e9, explique M. Chemayek.<\/p>\n\n

Des essais d’adaptation ont ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pendant plusieurs saisons afin de d\u00e9terminer leur performance dans les diff\u00e9rents environnements de l’Ouganda.<\/p>\n\n

Gains \u00e9conomiques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Geoffrey Sempiri, coordinateur du projet SGCI en Ouganda, estime que le projet aidera le pays \u00e0 devenir moins d\u00e9pendant des importations en augmentant la production nationale de bl\u00e9, ce qui stimulera le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le financement de ce projet \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s important et opportun, afin que les agriculteurs ougandais puissent cultiver davantage de bl\u00e9, ce qui se traduira par une plus grande s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et une moindre d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard du bl\u00e9 import\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons connu des hausses de prix lorsque la guerre entre la Russie et l’Ukraine a \u00e9clat\u00e9, car nous d\u00e9pendions fortement des importations de bl\u00e9 en provenance d’Ukraine\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

M. Sempiri a soulign\u00e9 que l’impact du projet va au-del\u00e0 de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et qu’il est susceptible de cr\u00e9er des emplois et de stimuler la croissance \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les entrepreneurs locaux, en particulier les femmes et les jeunes, peuvent tirer profit d’une cha\u00eene de valeur du bl\u00e9 solide pour d\u00e9velopper leurs petites entreprises.<\/p>\n\n

Nous avons beaucoup de jeunes Ougandais et de jeunes Ougandaises qui ont de petites entreprises de rue fabriquant des produits alimentaires \u00e0 base de bl\u00e9 comme le chapati et le \u00ab\u00a0rolex\u00a0\u00bb – un en-cas populaire ougandais compos\u00e9 de chapati, d’\u0153ufs frits et de l\u00e9gumes roul\u00e9s ensemble\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Sempiri.<\/p>\n\n

Selon Omotunde Banjoko, analyste agricole, la croissance de la demande de bl\u00e9 cr\u00e9e des opportunit\u00e9s d’emploi tout au long de la cha\u00eene de valeur du bl\u00e9 pour les agriculteurs, les meuniers et les boulangers.<\/p>\n\n

M. Banjoko est \u00e9galement convaincu que l’initiative peut am\u00e9liorer la production de bl\u00e9 et l’\u00e9conomie de l’Afrique, en r\u00e9duisant la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des importations et en renfor\u00e7ant la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Une approche coordonn\u00e9e, comprenant l’am\u00e9lioration des investissements dans la recherche et le d\u00e9veloppement, les infrastructures et les bonnes pratiques de vulgarisation agricole, est essentielle pour approfondir et p\u00e9renniser les r\u00e9sultats\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Article \u00e9crit par Funke Ishola<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selon des chercheurs en agriculture, de nouvelles vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de bl\u00e9 r\u00e9sistantes au climat et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es en Ouganda permettront de r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des exportations \u00e9trang\u00e8res et de soutenir la production alimentaire locale. Dans toute l’Afrique subsaharienne, la demande de bl\u00e9 augmente, mais la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures compromet de plus en plus les rendements.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":21317,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","wds_primary_category":0,"wds_primary_country":0,"wds_primary_objective":0,"wds_primary_sg_theme":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[161],"tags":[208,211,220],"country":[247],"objective":[],"sg_theme":[],"class_list":["post-21118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","tag-anglais","tag-linnovation","tag-ouganda","country-uganda-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'Ouganda comble le d\u00e9ficit de bl\u00e9 avec une culture r\u00e9sistante \u00e0 la chaleur - SGCI Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Des chercheurs ougandais d\u00e9veloppent des 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